2/29/2024 0 Comments Scleral icterus definitionSchramm C, Kanzler S, zum Buschenfelde KH, Galle PR, Lohse AW. Carotenodermia: an erroneous diagnosis of jaundice. Pinto F, Mognol D, Garbelotto G, Dannhauser D, Grava G, Sanzuol F. Diagnosis and therapy of cholestatic liver disease. Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic viral hepatitis. ![]() Psychiatric morbidity in patients with alcoholic liver disease. 1997 11(5 pt 1):406-11.Įwusi-Mensah I, Saunders JB, Wodak AD, Murray RM, Williams R. Vulnerability to psychologic distress and depression in patients with end-stage liver disease due to hepatitis C virus. Singh N, Gayowski T, Wagener MM, Marino IR. ![]() Vagaries of clinical presentation of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Jaundice in older children and adolescents. In a few instances, more invasive procedures such as cholangiography or liver biopsy may be needed to arrive at a diagnosis. If the complete blood count and initial tests for liver function and infectious hepatitis are unrevealing, the work-up typically proceeds to abdominal imaging by ultrasonography or computed tomographic scanning. The laboratory work-up should begin with a urine test for bilirubin, which indicates that conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is present. Gallstone formation is the most common and benign posthepatic process that causes jaundice however, the differential diagnosis also includes serious conditions such as biliary tract infection, pancreatitis, and malignancies. ![]() Posthepatic disorders also can cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The conjugated (direct) bilirubin level is often elevated by alcohol, infectious hepatitis, drug reactions, and autoimmune disorders. Intrahepatic disorders can lead to unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Prehepatic causes of jaundice include hemolysis and hematoma resorption, which lead to elevated levels of unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin. Organizing the differential diagnosis by prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic causes may help make the work-up more manageable. Jaundice in an adult patient can be caused by a wide variety of benign or life-threatening disorders.
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